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Toscana · ☀️ Clear sky
last updated: Aug 16, 10:15 PM
Florence has warmed by +1.0°C: its 1991–2020 climate normal is +1.0°C higher than the 1961–1990 one. The long-term trend is +0.18°C per decade. Source: ERA5 reanalysis (ECMWF/Copernicus), series since 1940.
Comparing the two 30-year climate normals (the WMO standard), Florence went from an average of 13.41° in 1961–1990 to 14.40° in 1991–2020: a change of +0.99°C. The underlying trend (1940–2025) is +0.18°C per decade (±0.06, 95% confidence interval) and is a clear signal (R² = 0.34).
Florence is the 52nd fastest-warming city in Italy, out of 107 monitored.
Within Toscana it's 4th of 10.
See the full ranking →June 2026 was the 3rd hottest June since 1940 in Florence (87 years of records).
Compared to the 1961–1990 normal for the same month.
The full monthly bulletin →Every number on this page comes from the ERA5 reanalysis — a physical model that blends satellite and station data. Here we apply the exact same calculation (1991–2020 normal minus 1961–1990 normal) to a different, independent source: E-OBS, built solely from direct European weather-station observations (ECA&D/Copernicus project), not a model.
Both sources agree the warming is real: +0.99°C according to ERA5, +0.27°C according to E-OBS.
Don't expect the two numbers to match exactly: they're computed with different methods (model vs. direct observations), different resolutions, and different station networks — a difference of a few tenths of a degree is normal, not an error. What matters is that neither source contradicts the other on the direction of change.
E-OBS 1961–1990 normal computed on 30 available years, 1991–2020 normal on 30. · E-OBS 12.7° → 12.9°
E-OBS source: E-OBS data: EU-FP6 project UERRA and the Copernicus Climate Change Service; data providers: the ECA&D project (ecad.eu). Source: Cornes, R., G. van der Schrier, E.J.M. van den Besselaar, and P.D. Jones. 2018: An Ensemble Version of the E-OBS Temperature and Precipitation Datasets.
Florence has warmed by +1.0°C: its 1991–2020 climate normal is +1.0°C higher than the 1961–1990 one. The long-term trend is +0.18°C per decade. Source: ERA5 reanalysis (ECMWF/Copernicus), series since 1940.
Yes. Between the 1961–1990 and 1991–2020 climate normals, the mean temperature of Florence rose by +1.0°C, at +0.18°C per decade.
The highest value ever recorded is 39.4°C, on July 27, 1983.
2022, with a mean temperature of 16.0°C.
2025 was the 4th hottest year in Florence out of 86 since 1940. Among the hottest ever.
Florence's average annual temperature today matches what Terni had in the 1990s — 14.4° vs 14.4°.
With 27° in Florence today, take comfort: on July 27, 1983 (43 years ago) it hit 39.4° here — the all-time record of the series since 1940.
One year per stripe, from 1940 to today: blue below the 1961–1990 normal, red above.
The real milestones of Florence's climate history, in chronological order: only measured records and extreme years, from ERA5 data.
How much warmer (red) or colder (blue) each year was than the climate normal. The dashed line is the trend.
Aggregating by decade, annual noise disappears and the underlying trend remains.
The hottest year was 2022 (15.96°), the coolest 1980 (12.36°). Thick line = 10-year moving average.
Average highs, average lows and average daily mean for each month of the year.
Daily highs and lows. Last available historical data point: July 10, 2026.
Days with a high ≥30° and nights with a low ≥20°. It's the mugginess you feel on your skin: the chart shows how it has changed.
💡 In plain terms: compared to 1961–1990, there are roughly 7 extra weeks of heat above 30° every year.
Estimate based on the monthly climatology of the whole 1940–today series (not the official day-by-day DPR 412/93 calculation): indicative climate zone E. Two declared approximations: an 85-year average (includes the colder past, so it tends to overstate vs today's climate) and monthly resolution (a month averaging above 20° counts as zero even if it has days below the threshold, understating shoulder seasons). May differ from the municipality's official value.
Higher = colder/longer winters, more heating needed at home.
The duration record: the longest run of consecutive days with a high ≥35° since 1940.
July 14, 2022 – July 26, 2022 · peak 38.3°
The duration record: the longest run of consecutive nights with a low ≤0° since 1940.
January 13, 1963 – February 9, 1963 · low -16.2°
Same two-normal comparison (1961–1990 vs 1991–2020), but split between daytime highs and nighttime lows: they often don't rise at the same pace.
In Florence daytime highs rose more than nighttime lows (+1.2°C vs +0.8°C): the day/night temperature range is widening.
Pick any date — from 1940 to a few days ago — and see what the weather was like: a wedding day, a birthday, a memory.
Source: Open-Meteo · ERA5 historical record (ECMWF). Series from 1940.