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Italia Rovente · loading data…
Italia Rovente · loading data…
Rankings across the 107 monitored cities, computed from the ERA5 (ECMWF/Copernicus) historical aggregates since 1940 and refreshed at every data recalculation. Just numbers, periods and a stated method.
How far temperatures have risen and at what pace — and how clear the signal is.
Difference between the 1991–2020 climate normal and the 1961–1990 one: the top 10.
Where the change is smallest: the 5 cities with the lowest difference between the two normals (1991–2020 vs 1961–1990).
Linear-regression slope of the yearly means over the whole series, in degrees per decade: the top 10.
R² of the linear regression over the whole historical series: the closer to 1, the clearer and less noisy the trend — not how much it's warming, but how readable the signal is.
Where year-to-year swings around the underlying trend are largest: a low R² doesn't mean the warming isn't real, just that it's less regular.
The all-time extremes ever recorded and the longest heat and frost streaks.
The most extreme daily highs and lows of the whole series (only cities with real max/min data).
The all-time record of consecutive days with a high ≥35°, city by city (only where this field has already been recalculated).
The all-time record of consecutive nights with a low ≤0°, city by city.
Not just degrees: scorching days, tropical nights and humidity-driven apparent heat.
Days with a high ≥30° — the threshold commonly called «African heat»: yearly average over the last 5 full years, with the increase vs the 1961–1990 normal in parentheses.
Nights with a minimum ≥20°: yearly average over the last 5 full years, with the increase vs the 1961–1990 normal in parentheses.
Mean apparent temperature (June–August, 1991–2020 normal) — how hot it really feels, with humidity and wind. Only the 9 main cities with apparent temperature available; it's a model estimate, less solid than the measured temperature.
How much mugginess (humidity and lack of wind) adds on average to the actual summer temperature today. Coasts tend to sit above the inland cities.
Rise in the mean summer apparent temperature between the 1961–1990 and 1991–2020 normals.
Winter heating demand and the gap between day and night.
Heating degree days (DPR 412/93, estimated from the monthly climatology of the whole 1940–today series): the higher the number, the more heating a building needs in that city. Climate zone (A–F) in parentheses. Indicative estimate: may differ from the municipality's official value.
The cities with the lowest estimated heating demand.
Difference between average daily highs and lows (average of the last 5 full years): a more «continental» climate, with hot days and cool nights.
Where the day/night gap is smallest: often a sign of a mild, coastal or island climate.
National annual average (all monitored cities), anomaly vs. the 1961–1990 normal — the same series behind the warming stripes.
Leading the ranking: Sondrio (+1.6°C), Alessandria (+1.5°C) and Trento (+1.5°C), difference between the 1991–2020 and 1961–1990 climate normals (ERA5/Copernicus).
Across the 107 monitored cities, +1.0°C on average (1991–2020 vs 1961–1990 climate normal).
45.3°C in Catania, on July 25, 2023.